Joining Technologies

Interlayer-free bonding of optical components

Highly stable connections for precision optical components

 

Joining technologies in high-performance optics is subject to extreme requirements. The component joints should not affect the optical properties, provide a long-term stable connection and often firmly connect materials with different thermal properties in demanding temperature regimes. At the same time, high geometric precision is essential for providing the optical function.

 

Your Partner for Joining Technologies

 

Our team researches high-precision joining processes, e.g. silicate joining, plasma-activated joining, for optical materials and components. We develop processes that meet the high demands of manufacturing high-performance optics and cater to customer-specific requirements. Silicate joining enables a high mechanical strength of the joint and plasma-activated joining without an intermediate layer provides the desired optical transparency and mechanical strength.

Our key services and competences

 

We offer you customised solutions for your joining task. We evaluate the feasibility of your task and develop an efficient solution. We characterise components and assess their suitability for our long-term stable joining processes. If necessary, we carry out post-processing of the joining surfaces. In doing so, we utilise a wide range of correction methods. We carry out fundamental investigations into the joining behaviour of new types of material pairings. Finally, we characterise the joined joint with regard to various parameters:

  • Mechanical strength
  • Optical transmission behaviour, visual defect detection
  • Geometric reference to references or contact structures (alignment of the components)

Bonding Technologies

Joining technologies for glass and glass ceramics make it possible to join optical components without interlayers, mechanically stable and optically transparent (‘plasma-activated joining’) or on the basis of aqueous silicate solutions (‘silicate joining’). The advantages are long-term stability and gap-free joints.

Glass Technologies

We process your components and guarantee surfaces of the highest quality. We use the following processes for optical materials:

  • Grinding
  • Lapping
  • Polishing
  • Cementing
  • Cutting
  • Ultrasonic milling
  • Joining

Application examples for joined optical components

 

  • Imaging 4-channel beam splitter for research into gamma-ray bursts
  • GRISM (grating + prism) and PGP (prism + grating + prism) made of fused silica for spectrometers in space
  • Faraday insulator for high-power lasers
  • Optical crystal assemblies for frequency multiplication of laser radiation
Köstersprism, beam splitter for four optical channels
© Fraunhofer IOF
Köstersprism, beam splitter for four optical channels
PGP (prism + grating + prism) made of fused silica for spectrometers in space
© Fraunhofer IOF
PGP (prism + grating + prism) made of fused silica for spectrometers in space
Faraday isolator for high-power lasers
© Fraunhofer IOF
Faraday isolator for high-power lasers

Your advantages of working with us

 

We develop solutions for your demanding joining tasks, from the evaluation of possible joining technologies to the high-precision production of your (sub)system and validation according to the respective problem. In doing so, we draw on our extensive expertise in joining and processing optical materials.

Technical equipment for Joining of optical components

Processing of optical materials

  • NC-controlled polishing machine, table polishing machines for flat surfaces
  • Polishing robot
  • Surface grinding machine, 5-axis grinding machine
  • Lapping machine
  • Wafer saws, CNC-controlled cut-off grinding machine
  • 3-axis and 5-axis ultrasonic grinding machine
  • UV picosecond laser system (15W) for labelling and ablation
  • Measuring technology: light microscopy, interferometer, goniometer, measuring probes

Plasma-activated joining

  • Materials: glasses (e.g. silica glass, B33, ULE), monocrystalline optical materials (e.g. sapphire, terbium-gallium-garnet, beta-barium-borate, silicon)
  • Diameter up to 200 mm
  • Structured surfaces (e.g. gratings)
  • Dielectric coatings
  • Joining of identical materials or material composites
  • Interlayer-free connection
  • Roughness < 1 nm rms (10x10 µm² measuring field size)
  • Properties: stable connection, no outgassing, direct optical transition

Silicate joining

  • Materials: Glasses (e.g. silica glass, ULE, BK7), glass ceramics (e.g. Zerodur, Cordierite)
  • Diameter: up to 200 mm
  • Joining of identical materials or material composites
  • Thickness of the intermediate layer ~ 1 µm
  • Roughness < 3 nm rms (0.1x0.1 mm² measuring field size)
  • Properties: stable connection, no outgassing

Our research strength

Interlayer-free joining offers significant advantages over conventional joining technologies. It enables optical components to be joined without changing the refractive index. The minimised absorption in the transition zone leads to assemblies for high-performance optical applications with reduced thermal lensing and low thermal stress on the optical materials. Fraunhofer IOF develops high-precision compounds of different materials for optical systems, e.g. silica glass, sapphire and optical crystals as well as coated components.

 

Publications

Polymer-free joined prism-grid-prism component.
© Fraunhofer IOF
Monolithic PGP (Prism Grating Prism, GRISM) component allows the correction of imaging errors in highly dispersive imaging spectrometers.

Have we aroused your interest?

 

Then get in touch with us.

We develop customised solutions for photonic issues in industry and science.

Do you have any questions?

 

Ask us your questions.

We will be happy to help.

If you have any questions about co-operation with the Fraunhofer IOF, you will find further information under the following link:  

 

Your application idea is not listed?

Then contact us anyway.

 

We also develop special and innovative solutions, customised to the requirements of our customers.